Glossary of Japanese - English Ceramics Terminology | ่ฑๆฅ้ถ่ธ็จ่ช้
Share
Introduction / ใฏใใใซ
Hi everyone! Here is a list of ceramics (pottery, porcelain, stoneware ) terms in Japanese and English (American English), as well as a personal memorandum.
Please bookmark this page, as it may be newly updated in the future. Also, if you like, I would be glad if you could take a look at my work.
If you have any questions, feel free to message me.
ย
ๅไบบ็ใชๅๅฟ้ฒใๅซใใใใใงใฏ้ถ่ธใซใพใคใใ็จ่ชใฎ่ฑ่ช่กจ่จใใชในใๅใใฆใใใพใใไปๅพใๆดๆฐใใฆใใใพใใฎใงใใใฒใใใฏใใผใฏใใใฆๅฎๆ็ใซ่ฆใซใใฆใใ ใใใใพใใๅฝใตใคใใฎ็งใฎไฝๅใ่ฆใฆใใใ ใใใๅฌใใใงใใ
ใ่ณชๅใชใฉใใใพใใใใๆฐ่ปฝใซใฉใใใ
ย
Concepts, Techniques / ๆฆๅฟตใๆๆณ
Pottery / ้ถ่ธ (Togei)ใใใใใฎ (Yakimono)
In Japanese, making pottery as well as handcrafts using ceramic or porcelain clay is generally referred to as ้ถ่ธ (Togei).
่ฑ่ชใงใฏใๆฏ่ผ็ๆฐ่ธๅ็ใช้ถ่ธ๏ผใใใฐใใใใใฎใใPotteryใใใใฆ้ถๅใ็จใใ้ ๅฝข็ฉๅ
จ่ฌใCeramicsใจๅผใณ่กจใๅพๅใใใใ
ย
Ceramic / ้ถๅจ๏ผTouki๏ผใ้ถ๏ผTou๏ผ
ย
Porcelain / ็ฃๅจ (Jiki)ใ็ฌๆธใใฎ (Setomono)ใไผไธ้๏ผImari๏ผ
In Japan, porcelain is called Jiki or Setomono. Unlike European soft porcelain, Japanese porcelain is hard porcelain with high firing temperatures.
่ฅฟๆดใฎ็ฃๅจใฏๆฅๆฌใฎๆ็ฐ็ผใใฏใใใจใใ็ฃๅจใจ็ฐใชใใไฝๆธฉ็ผๆใฎใฝใใใใผใปใชใณใซๅ้กใใใใใจใใใใ
Stoneware / ใใฃๅจ๏ผSekki๏ผ
As a matter of fact, most of what is called ceramic in Japan is finished with high firing, which is what is called stoneware in the US. In most cases, ceramic is not fired at cone 6 in Japan, but at cone 8 or higher.
ๅฎใฎใจใใใๆฅๆฌใงceramicใจ็ฟป่จณใใใ้ถๅจใฏใใขใกใชใซใงใฏstonewareใจๅ้กใใใใใฎใใปใจใใฉใงใใใ1250ๅบฆใใใใง็ผๆใใใๆฅๆฌใฎ้ถๅจใซๆฏในใใขใกใชใซใงceramicใจๅผใฐใใฆใใใใใใฎใฎ็ผๆๆธฉๅบฆใฏ1100ๅบฆ็จๅบฆ๏ผcone 6๏ผใๅบๆฌใงใใใๆฏ่ผ็่ใใ
ย
Earthenware / ๅๅจ๏ผDoki๏ผ
Japan has been a land of earthenware production since B.C.
็ธๆๅๅจใฏใJomonใใง้ใใใ
ย
Agateware, Marbled Pottery, Neriage Pottery / ใขใฒใผใใฆใงใข๏ผagateware๏ผใ็ทดไธใ๏ผneriage๏ผ
This is a technique I often use. Agateware or marbled pottery is made by layering multiple colors of clay in a pancake-like shape to create layers of color, whereas the Japanese technique of Neriage is formed by blending multiple colors of clay into a mass and lightly kneading them together before forming. In my work, multiple colors or multiple types of clay are attached vertically rather than in parallel, so the patterns appear bolder. Neriage is formed on a potter's wheel and Nerikomi is formed by slab building.
็ทดใไธใใ็ทดใ่พผใฟๆๆณใฏไธญๅฝใ็บ็ฅฅใงใ่ฟไปฃไปฅ้ๆฅๆฌใฎ้ถ่ธใฎไธ็ใซใใใฆใไบบ้ๅฝๅฎใฎๆพไบๅบทๆๆฐใไธญๅฟใซๅ่ใใใใขใกใชใซใงใฏ็ทดไธใใฏMarbled PotteryใพใใฏAgatewareใจใใฆ็ฅใใใฆใใใใใใปใฉ็ฅๅๅบฆใฎใชใๆๆณใงใใใ้ถ่ธใใกใณใซใฏใใชใขใฒใง้ใใใใจใๅคใใ
ย
Firing / ็ผๆ (Shosei)
Bisque is called Suyaki. Firing after glazing is called Hon-Yaki or Hon-Shosei.
ใใคใญใณใฐใงใฏใชใใฎใงๆณจๆใ
ย
Kneading, Wedging / ๅ็ทดใ๏ผTsuchi-Neri๏ผ, ่็ทดใ๏ผKiku-Neri๏ผ
Spiral wedging is called Kiku-Neri because of its shape like a chrysanthemum flower (Kiku).
ใใผใใฃใณใฐ๏ผkneading๏ผใฏใใณใ็ฒๅ็ถใฎใใฎใๆใญใใใจใใฆใงใใธใณใฐ๏ผwedging๏ผใฎๆนใ้ถ่ธ็จ่ชใจใใฆใใไฝฟใใใใ
ย
Hand-building / ๆใณใญใ๏ผTe-Bineri๏ผ
Coiling is called Himo-Zukuri. Many of the tea bowls that were highly regarded in the Japanese tea ceremony were hand built.
็ดใฅใใใฏใณใคใซใๅทปใไปใใใใใชใคใกใผใธใงCoiling๏ผใณใคใชใณใฐ๏ผใจใใใ
ย
Wheel-throwing / ใใใๅฝขๆ๏ผRokuro-Keisei๏ผ
Throwing-off-the-hump, in which multiple pieces are thrown from a large lump, is Bai-Biki while throwing one piece at a time is Ikko-Biki.
ๅคงใใชๅกใใๆฒขๅฑฑใใคใใๅผใใใใคๅผใใใฎใใจใฏใThrowing-off-the-humpใใจใใใ
ย
Coning up, Coning down, Centering /ๅไธใ๏ผTsuchi-age๏ผใๅไธใใ๏ผTsuchi-oroshi๏ผใๅๆฎบใ๏ผTsuchi-goroshi๏ผ
A technique used to form on the potter's wheel by centering the clay lumps as they are rotated as well as de-air from the clay. In Japan, this technique is sometimes called Tsuchi-goroshi, meaning killing the clay.
Slab-building / ใใใๅฝขๆ๏ผTatara-Keisei๏ผใๆฟใฅใใ๏ผIta-Zukuri๏ผ
ย
Casting / ้ณ่พผใฟๅฝขๆ๏ผIkomi-Keisei๏ผ
ย
Trimming / ๅใ๏ผKezuri๏ผ
ย
ย
ย
Parts, Type / ้จไฝใ็จฎ้ก
Foot / ้ซๅฐ๏ผKodai๏ผ
In Japanese ceramics, the value of a piece of pottery, especially tea utensils, is sometimes determined by the finish of the foot, which is the bottom of the vessel.
ๆฌง็ฑณใงใฏ้ฃไบใฎ้ใซๅจใๆใงๆใกไธใใใใใผใใชใใใใใซใใ้กไปฅๅคใงใฏๆฅๆฌใฎๅจใฎใใใซ้ซๅฐใฎไฝใ่พผใฟใซ็นใซใใ ใใใใจใใชใใ
ย
Body / ่ด๏ผDoh๏ผ
ย
Lip / ๅฃ็ธ๏ผKo-En๏ผใๅฃ่พบใ๏ผKuchi-Beri๏ผ
ย
Handle / ๅๆ๏ผTotte๏ผ
ย
Bowl / ็ข๏ผWan๏ผ
The tea bowl is Chawan.
ย
Cup / ใซใใ๏ผCup๏ผใๆนฏๅใฟ๏ผYunomi๏ผ
Sencha drinking cup called Yunomi.
ย
Vase, Flower Vase / ่ฑ็ถ๏ผKabin๏ผใ่ฑๅ ฅ๏ผHana-Ire๏ผ
ย
Varsatile Cup, Sobachoko / ใใชใผใซใใ๏ผfree cup๏ผใ่้บฆ็ชๅฃ๏ผSoba-Choko๏ผ
A versatile cup called Sobachoko is popular in Japanese studio ceramics. Originally designed to hold the dipping sauce for soba noodles, the simple shape makes it easy to use for serving tea, sake, appetizers, and ice cream, etc.
ย
Sake Cup / ใใๅใฟ๏ผGui-Nomi๏ผใใ็ชๅฃ๏ผO-Choko๏ผใ็๏ผSakazuki๏ผ
There are many different types of sake in Japan, as well as various types of sake cups, such as Guinomi, which is about the size of a teacup for casual sake enjoyment, O-Choko, which is small enough to share sake with others, and Sakazuki, which is used to enjoy high-quality sake at special events.
ย
Sake Carafe, Sake Bottle / ๅพณๅฉ๏ผTokkuri๏ผ
The carafe used to serve sake is called a Tokkuri, and is often paired with a small sake cup called an O-Choko. In winter, the Tokkuri is placed in a hot pot (Nabe) and heated to enjoy hot sake called Atsu-kan.
ย
Mug / ใใฐใซใใ๏ผmug cup๏ผ
ย
Dish, Plate, Platter / ็ฟ๏ผSara๏ผ
All flat-shaped vessels are denoted as Sara.
ใใฃใใทใฅใฏใๆ็ใใ่กจใใใจใใใใใใฉใใฟใผใฏๅคง็ฟใ่กจใใไธ่ฌ็ใช็ฟใฏใใฌใผใใ
ย
Lidded Jar / ่็ฉ๏ผFuta-Mono๏ผ
Pottery with lids is termed Futa-Mono in general.
่ฃ
้ฃพ็ใช่็ฉใฏDecorative Jarใชใฉใจใๅผใฐใใใ
ย
ย
Materials / ๆๆ
ย
Clay / ็ฒๅ (Nendo)ใ้ถๅ (Toudo)
The clay used in ceramics is generally called Nendo, but when limited to ceramic clay, it is called Toudo. For porcelain, it is called Jiki-do or Ji-do, or Jiki-Tsuchi.
้ถๅใไธ่ฌ็ใช็ฒๅใซ้ๅใใฆClayใจ่กจใใใ้ถ่ธใซไฝฟใๅใ็คบใใใๅ ดๅใฏCeramic Clay๏ผ็ฃๅจๅใฎๅ ดๅใฏPorcelain Clay๏ผใจใใใ
ย
Glaze / ้่ฌ (Yuyaku), ใใใใใ (Uwa-gusuri)
Overglaze is called Uwa-e and Underglaze is called Shita-e or Sometsuke. Glazing is Yu-Gake.
้่ฌใฎใใจใฏGlazeใจๅผใฐใใใใไธ็ตตไปใใOverglazeใไธ็ตต๏ผๆไป๏ผใUnderglazeใจๅผใถใใใซใ็ตตใซใใๅ ้ฃพใซ้ขใใ่ชใซglazeใจ่จใใใฆใใใฎใฏๆฅๆฌไบบใซ้ฆดๆใฟใฎใชใ่กจ็พใ
ย
Slip / ๅ็ฒง๏ผKesho๏ผใใฉใน๏ผDobe๏ผ
The slip used for decoration is called Kesho, and the mud used as glue is called Dobe.
ๅ็ฒงๆใใซ็จใใๆถฒ็ถใฎๅใใๆฅ็ใซ็จใใใฉในใฎใใจใในใชใใใจๅผใถใ
ย
Feldsper / ้ท็ณ๏ผCho-Seki๏ผ
ย
Silica / ็ช็ณ๏ผKei-Seki๏ผ
ย
Whiting / ็ญ้ ธใซใซใทใฆใ ๏ผTansan-Karushium๏ผ
ย
Kaolin / ใซใชใชใณ (Kaolin)ใ้ถ็ณ๏ผTou-Seki๏ผ
ย
Lime / ็ณ็ฐ๏ผSekkai, Hai๏ผ
In Japan, transparent glazes are often prepared simply by blending soda feldspar, kaolin, and lime in a ratio of about 6:1:3.
็งๅไบบใฎๆๆณใใใใใชใใใใขใกใชใซใฎ้่ฌใฎใฌใทใใฏ100%ใฎใทใชใซใ100%ใฎ็ญ้
ธใซใซใทใฆใ ใชใฉ็ด็ฒใชๆๆใไธปใซไฝฟใใๆฅๆฌใฎ้่ฌใฎใใใซ่ๆจ็ฐใชใฉใฎๅคฉ็ถ็ด ๆใฏใใพใ็จใใใใชใใใใฎๆนใ้ท็ณใฎใใใช็นๅฎใฎๅฐๅใงใใๅใใชใๆๆใซไพๅญใใ้่ฌใไฝใใใฎใใใใใชใใ
ย
Plaster / ็ณ่๏ผSekkou๏ผ
ย
ย
Equipment, Tools / ๆฉๆใ้ๅ ท
ย
Potter's Wheel / ใใใ๏ผRokuro๏ผ
With the exception of a region called Tamba, Japanese people basically form in a clockwise direction.
ๆฌง็ฑณใงใฏใใใๅฝขๆใๅๆ่จๅใใๅใใๆ่จๅใใงใใใใใใ็ๅฝใฏไธๆ
ย
Kiln / ็ชฏ๏ผKama๏ผ
Traditional Japanese ceramics are fired at 1100~1300C (2012~2372F) in wood-fired kilns. Contemporary artists often use electric kilns.
ใขใกใชใซ่ฃฝใฎ้ถ่ธใฏCone Fire๏ผใชใผใใณใณใผใณ๏ผใจใใใทในใใ ใไฝฟใฃใฆใ้ถๅใ้่ฌใฎ็จฎ้กใ้ฉใใ็ผๆๆธฉๅบฆๅธฏใซๅใใ็ผๆใฎๆธฉๅบฆ็ฎก็ใ็ฐกๆๅใใใฆใใใใใฎใใใขใกใชใซใฎ้ปๆฐ็ชฏใงใฏใณใผใณ็ผๆใฎๆธฉๅบฆ่จญๅฎใใใใฆใใใฎใไธ่ฌ็ใงใใใ
ย
Banding Wheel / ๆใใใ๏ผTe-Rokuro๏ผ
ย
Pottery Bats / ไบๆฟ๏ผKame-Ita๏ผ
ย
Potters Rib / ใใฆ๏ผKote๏ผ
The throwing stick is called E-gote.
ๆใใฆใฏThrowing Stickใ
ย
Trimming Tool / ใใใช๏ผKanna๏ผ
ย
Brush / ็ญ๏ผFude๏ผใๅทๆฏ๏ผHake๏ผใๆฟ๏ผDami๏ผ
The narrow brush is called Fude, the wide one is called Hake, and the special brush for painting with indigo color underglaze (cobalt stain) called Gosu is called Dami.
ย
Chamois leather / ใชใใ็ฎ๏ผNameshi-Gawa๏ผ
ย
Cutting Tool, Cutting Wire / ใใฃใดใ๏ผShippiki๏ผใๅผ๏ผYumi๏ผ
The string or wire-like tool used to separate the bottom of the greenware from the bats or lumps of clay is called Shippiki, and the bow-shaped wire is called Yumi (means bow).
ย
ย
Traditional Glaze, Decorating Method / ไผ็ตฑ้่ฌใๅ ้ฃพๆณ
This section lists mainly the names of Japanese traditional glazes and decorating techniques.ย
ไธปใซๆฅๆฌใฎไผ็ตฑ้่ฌใจๅ ้ฃพๆๆณใฎๅ็งฐใใชในใใขใใใใพใใ
ย
Copper Green Glazeย / ็น้จ้ (Oribe Yu)
The dark green glaze with the addition of copper oxide is called "Oribe" in Japan. Though it seems to derive its name from its olive color, it was named after Furuta Oribe, a 16th~17th century tea master.
ย
Iron Glazes / ้้ (Tetsu Yu)
- Brown ย / ้ฃด้ ( Ame Yu)
- Yellow / ้ป็ฌๆธ๏ผKi-Seto๏ผ
- Red / ้่ตค (Tetsu Aka)
- Black / ้้ป (Tetsu Kuro), ็ฌๆธ้ป (Seto-Kuro)
ย
ย
The first Draft is Jan 9th, 2023 / ๅ็จฟ 2023ๅนด1ๆ9ๆฅ
The latest Update is Mar.ย 2nd, 2023. /ๆ็ตๆดๆฐๆฅ 2023ๅนด3ๆ2ๆฅ
